初中英语语法练习题

初中英语冠词用法

提示：

初中英语冠词用法

初中英语里冠词是比较特殊的，和动词等比起来会非常的简单，说它复杂，很多同学怎么学也学不会，下面就围绕着冠词的用法来为大家讲解，希望可以帮助到大家。 初中英语宝典之冠词用法 冠词的定义 冠词定义：对名词起泛指、特指、不定量或定量等限定作用的词。 作用：在名词之前起修饰限定作用。 冠词分类 不定冠词 a/an 用来表示这个冠词后面的名词是指某一类特定事物中的一个，但具体是哪一个并不重要 a : 用于以辅音(指发音而不是拼写)开头的单数可数名词 an: 用于以原音(指发音而不是拼写)开头的单数可数名词 A book An hour A university A park A dog 定冠词 the 用于名词前，表示特指，即某个特定的人或事物 Give me the pen on the desk. I love the girl in red. Please fill in the form before leaving. 零冠词 指名词前不带冠词并且能单独使用的情况 表示抽象概念时复数名词和不可数名词前用零冠词; 专有名词，季节月份星期，头衔等用零冠词。 Dogs are friendly. Teachers are well-respected. Beijing is the capital of China. 冠词的具体用法 （一）不定冠词a,an的用法如下： a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前。 值得注意的是： A. 如果不定冠词后面第一个词以元音字母u开头就用a。例如university, useless, useful, unit, uniform。 B. 如果不定冠词后面第一个词以不发音的h开头，而h后面第一个音的音素是元音因素，就用an。例如hour, honest。 C. 如果不定冠词和名词前有其他词，不定冠词的形式仍取决于它后面第一个词的语音形式。例如an actress, a beautiful actress。 1表示人或事物的某一类(含义相当于一类事物的任何一个) A dictionary is a useful book. An underground train can start and stop quickly. 2用于表示数量、时间的名词前，表示“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。The plan will be ready in a day or two, once a week. 3．泛指某人或某物，但未具体说明何人、何物，如： A boy is waiting for me. Give me a pen, please. 4用于某些固定 短语 中 如： a few, a little, a lot of, a number of, just a minute, in a hurry, for a while, for a long time, a cup of, a bottle of, have a rest, have a talk, have a fever, have a good time, have(take) a walk, have a toothache, take a bath, give a lesson （二）定冠词用法如下： 定冠词的用法如下： 1．指彼此都知道的人或事物，如： Open the door, please. Go and close the window. 2．特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，如： The girl in red is my sister. The man over there is our English teacher. The book on the desk is mine. 3．指前面提到过的人或事物，如： Here is a picture of a modern car factory. My father works in the factory. 4．用在序数词和形容词最高级前,在方位词前。如： The Nile is the longest river in the world. He won the first prize. The sun rises in the east. 5．用在某些名词化的形容词，过去分词前，表示一类人或事物， 如： the rich, the sick, the new , the false 6．用在某些专用名词前， 如： the Great Wall the People’s Republic of China the United Nations the Netherlands 7．在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面，如： the North China Plain the Rocky Mountains the Yangtse River 8．在一些用语中，如： in the morning(/afternoon/evening), in the day, by the way, on the whole, the next morning, all the year around, the other day, at the same time 初中英语宝典之冠词用法 （三）不用冠词的情况 1．专有名词人名，地名，节日，月份，年份，星期和不可数名词(一般指物质名词和抽象名词)前一般不用冠词。如： China, Beihai Park 2．名词前面已有用作定语的 this, that, my, your, some, any , no等代词作定语时，不用冠词。如： The letter is from my father. I have a book in my hand. 3．在复数名词表示一类人或事物时，如： Horses are useful animals. I like cakes. 4．在节日名称，（称呼语和表示官衔的名词前）星期、月份、季节前。如： Today is Sunday. Spring is the best season in the year. Children’s Day 5．表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前。 6．球类，棋类，语言，三餐，游戏名称和颜色前不加冠词。如: I like to play basketball. We have lunch at school. 7．在表示家庭成员名称，称呼语，表示头衔或职务的名词前不加冠词。 8. 在某些固定搭配和习惯用语中，如： go to school , be in hospital, be in prison 注意下列词组的区别， in fort of与in the front of, in hospital与in the hospital, at table与at the table, go to school与go to the school, a number of children=many children, The number of children =孩子的数量 复习时需要注意的要点 （1）在school, college, university, hospital, prison, church, class, table, bed等表示机构名称、组织名称和家具的名词前，用定冠词和用不定冠词意义有差异。用定冠词强调处所，而不用定冠词意义有所引申。比较： at table 就餐 at the table 坐在桌边 go to school 去上学 go to the school 去这个学校 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在这家医院 go to prison （违法而）进监狱 go to the prison 到监狱 go to church 做礼拜 go to the church 到教堂 in class 在课堂上 in the class 在班级里 （2）在某些词前用不同冠词（定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词），意义大不相同，例如： a little/few 有一点 little/few 几乎没有 a number of 许多 the number of ……的数目 in front of 在……前面 in the front of 在……前部 take place 发生 take the place of 代替 out of the question 根本不可能 out of question 没有问题 the most beautiful 最漂亮 most beautiful 非常漂亮 for a moment 片刻 for the moment 暂时 实战演练 一、例题选讲 例1 There is “h” in word “photo”． A． a，a B． an，the C． the，an D． an，an 答案： B 提示： h虽然是辅音字母，但发的音是元音音素开头的，因此要用an，而word 是特指，所以后面要用the。 例2 She is honest girl． A． an B． a C． / D． the 答案： A 提示： “honest”中h是不发音的，因此这个单词是元音音素开头的。 例3 He goes to school after breakfast． A． / B． the C． an D． a 答案： A 提示： 在表示三顿饭前不用定冠词。 例4 Browns are going to visit Yangtse River. It is longest river in China and third longest river in world A． The…the…the…the…the…the B． The…the…the…/…the…the C． /…the…the…the…/…the D． The…/…the…the…the…the 答案： B 提示： the+姓氏的复数形式表示一家人，在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面要用定冠词the，而形容词最高级前面通常要加定冠词the，the+序数词+最高级表示第几，而in the world表示在世界上。 冠词专题练习 一、选择填空 1. She is ____ girl. She is ____ English girl. A. a, a B. an, a C. a, an D. a, / 2. Tom is ____ English. He is ____ English boy. A. an, an B. / , an C. / , / D. a, a 3. ____ live in Room 208. A. The Green B. Green C. The Greens D. Greens 4. January is ____ first month of the year. A. a B. / C. an D. the 5. We should think of ____ old and ____ sick. A. a, a B. an, a C. the, the D. /, / 6. ____ number of the students in our class is 52. A. A B. An C. The D. / 7. She can play ____ piano, but she can’t play ____ football. A. the, the B. the, / C. /, the D. a, a 8, There is ____ “s” in the word “six” and ____ “s” is the first letter of the word. A. a, the B. a, an C. an, the D. a, a 9. A horse is ____ useful animal. A. an B. a C. the D. this 10. He has already worked for ____ hour. A. an B. a C. the D. three 11. Lucy wants to become ____. A. some teacher B. a teacher C. teacher D. teachers 12. Hainan is ____ island, isn’t it? A. the B. one C. a D. an 13. What do you usually do after ____? A. the class B. class C. the classes D. a class 14. I’ll have to buy ____ trousers. A. a B. two C. a pair of D. pair 15. I’ve thrown my old shoes away. I’ll have to buy ____. A. a new pair B. a new one C. some new D. some new pair 16. My uncle told me he was going to visit ____. A. the United State B. The United States C. United States D. United State 17. They failed six times, but they have decided to try____. A. seven times B. the seven time C. the seventh time D. seventh time 18. Who are those boys? One is my brother and ____. A. the big boy is Mike B. a big is Mike C. the big boy is a Peter D. a big boy is a Peter 19. You will find ____ girl in black. She is ____ teacher. A. a, the B. the, a C. a, a D. the, the 20. ____ birds can fly very high in ____ sky. A. The, the B. The, a C. An, the D. A, the 21. I’m not looking at ____ A. sun B. sky C. the sun D. some sky 22. The little boy wishes to be ____ A. Lei Feng B. the Lei Feng C. this Lei Feng D. a Lei Feng 23. ____ have studied English in our school. A. Most of students B. The most students C. Most of the students D. Most students 24. Tom’s brother hit Bob on ____ nose. A. his B. the C. its D. a 25. We are going to have an exam ____. A. in the class B. in a class C. at the class D. in class 26. We have had ____. A. good dinner B. a good dinner C. the good dinner D. good dinners 27. ____ fine weather we have today! Let’s go swimming. A. What a B. How C. What D. How a 28. There’s ____ apple tree behind ____ house. A. an, the B. a, a C. an, a D. the, the 29. We can see the sun in ____ daytime, but we can’t see it at ____ night. A. a, the B. the, / C. a, / D. an, / 30. I saw ____ old man walking across the street and ___ old man looked worried. A. an, an B. the, the C. an, the D. the, an 31. What ____ it is! A. a heavy rain B. heavy rain C. a heavy rains D. heavy rains 32. ____ time we had at the party! A. What wonderful B. What a wonderful C. How wonderful D. How a wonderful 33. ____ tallest building in the town is ____ Bank of China. A. The, the B. A, a C. The, a D. A, the 34. Little Tom looked at the big shark ____. A. in the surprise B. in surprised C. in surprise D. at a surprise 35. ____ more carefully you ride, ____ fewer falls you’ll get. A. The, the B. A, the C. The, a D. A, a 36. He has made____ decision that he will be ____ inventor some time. A. a, the B. a, an C. the, an D. the, the 37. – We haven’t seen for ____ long time. Where have you been? - I have been for ____ holiday with my parents. - Have ____ nice time! - Thank you. A. a, the, a B. the, a, a C. a, a, a D. a, the, the 38. – Excuse me, can you tell me way to ____ Xinhua Bookstore? - Go along this road, and then turn to ____ right at ____ first crossing, at ____ end of the street, you can find it. A. the, a, the, the, the B. a, the, the, a, the C. the, the, the, a, the D. the, the, the, the, the 39. Why nor take ____ friend with you? That’s ____ good idea. A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a 40. Take the medicine three times ____ day. A. a B. the C. an D. / 41. English is ____ language. It is ____ important tool. A. a, a B. a, an C. the, an D. a, / 42. Meimei has ____ high fever and his mother is looking after her. A. a B. the C. an D. / 43. Lucy takes ____ walk after supper every day. A. the B. a C. / D. an 44.Paper is made of ____ wood. A. a B. the C. / D. that 45. ____ February is the second month of the year. A. The B. A C. / D. an 46. We have no classes on ____ Sundays. A. the B. a C. an D. / 47. I studied ____ English in ____ England. A. /, / B. an, the C. an, an D. /, the 48. We go to school by ____ bus. A. / B. a C. the D. an 49. These boys play ____ football after class. A. a B. the C. an D. / 50. There is ____ bridge over the river, ____ bridge is made of stone. A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a 51. Sunday is ____ first day of the week. A. the B. / C. a D. an 52. ____ Greens were having breakfast at seven this morning. A. A B. An C. / D. The 53. She is one of ____ most popular teachers in this school. Every student loves her. A. a B. the C. an D. / 54. There is ____ 800-metre-ong bridge over the river. A. a B. an C. the D. / 55. ____ number of the students are playing ____ basketball on the playground. A. A, a B. The, the C. The, a D. A, / 56. They often take a walk in ___ Bei Hai Park. A. the B. a C. / D. this 57. The old man was ill in ____ hospital. A. the B. / C. a D. an 58. There is no ____ book on the desk. A. the B. a C. an D. / 59. Beijing is ____ capita of ____ People’s Republic of ____China. A. a, the, the B. the, the, / C. the, the, the D. the, a, the 60. He started ____ school when he was seven. A. the B. a C. an D./ 61. He has ____ great deal of interest in ____ English. A. a, an B. the, the C. a, / D. a, the 62. He is ____ cleverest boy in our school. A. a B. an C. the D. / 63. She often spends much ____ time reading. A. a B. an C. the D. / 64. Boys likes to go ____ boating. A. a B. an C. / D. the 65．-Where’s nearest bookstore?-There’s one at end of the street. A．the…an B．a…the C．the…the D．a…an 66． -What do you think of film “National Treasure”? -It’s wonderful film, I think. A．a…a B．a…the C．the…the D．The…a 67． S.H.E is going to sing at CCTV annual Spring Festival Evening Party A．a B．an C．the D．/ 68． There is “h” in the word “photo”. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 69．Please pay attention to your spelling. You’ve dropped “m” here. A．the B．an C．a D．/ 二、用适当的冠词填空 1. Thomas Edison was one of ____ greatest inventors on ____ world. 2. Man is ____ only animal that can talk. 3. Is this house ____ older of the two? 4. ____ earth moves around ____ sun. 5. I live in ____ northeast of China. 6. There are sixty minutes in ____ hour. 7. ____ honest boy is Jim, ____ friend of mine. 8. Children usually go to ____ school at ____ age of seven. 9. Here is ____ useful book to read. 10. Would you like ____ rice or ____ bread for your breakfast? 11. ____ poor are always happier than ____ rich. 12. He took me by ____ hand. 13. They have ____ son and ____ daughter. ____ son is a doctor and ____ daughter is a teacher. 14. ____ orange is orange. 15. He watched the student from ____ head to ____ foot. 16. What ____ interesting book it is! 17. ____ clouds over ____ sea were lovely yesterday. 18. There is ____ little milk in the fridge, I’ll go and buy some. 参考答案： 一、1C 2B 3C 4D 5C 6C 7B 8C 9B 10A 11B 12D 13B14C15A 16B 17C 18A 19B 20A 21C 22D 23C 24B 25D 26B 27C 28A 29B 30C 31A 32 B 33A 34C 35A 36B 37C 38D 39C 40A 41B 42A 43B 44C 45C 46D 47A 48A 49D 50B 51A 52D 53B 54B 55D 56C 57B 58D 59B 60D 61C 62C 63D 64C 65.C 66.D 67.D 68.B 69.B 二、1.the,the 2.the 3.the 4.The, the 5.the 6. an 7. The, a 8. /, the 9. a 10. /, / 11. The, the 12. the 13. a, a, The, the 14. An 15. /, / 16. an 初中英语冠词用法相关 文章 ： 1. 初中英语代词用法大全 2. 初中英语冠词的语法归纳 3. 冠词的用法总结大全 4. 英语初一上册的语法总结 5. 初中英语五种语法知识点总结 6. 中学英语零冠词的基础知识 7. 初一英语语法用法复习大全 8. 初中英语语法口诀 9. 初中英语语法大汇总

初中英语语法|冠词

提示：

初中英语语法|冠词

一，不定冠词a/an的用法

a加辅音音素(不是辅音字母)a book

an加元音音素(不是元音字母)an apple

强调数量时不用a用one

I have one red apple but he has three.强调数量的对比

I have a red apple and he have a eggplants.

1.可以用在叙述第一次出现的人或物前

This is a book

2.泛指某一类人或物，指同类中的任何一个

A dictionary is very important for me

3.用在时间，重量等名词前，表示每一

Three times a day

4.用在序数词前，表示又一

He was so hungry that he had a third cake

Would you like a second cup of coffee

5.用在most构成的形容词最高级前面，表示非常

A most beautiful park

6.固定短语

二，定冠词the的用法

1.特指某人或某物，或者上文已经提到过的人物

The book on the desk is Tom's

He bought a book yesterday .The book is very interesting

2.用于指说话双方都知道的人或事物

Open the door, please

3.用于世界上独一无二的事物前

the sun ，the earth

4.用在形容词最高级前

the most beautiful park

5.用于序数词前

the first girl

6.用在姓氏复数前，表示一家人或夫妻

the Greens

7.用在某些形容词前表示一类人或事物

the rich ，the poor

8.用在方位词前

on the left

9.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前

the Great Wall

10.演奏乐器名词前常用the

play the piano

11.固定搭配

12.名词前有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词或名词所有格修饰时不用the

He is my brother

my book， this desk

13.某些专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前不用the

New York

14.节假日，星期月份季节的名词前不用the

January ，Children's day

15.球类名词，棋类名词，一日三餐以及学科名词前不用the

play basketball， play chess， have breakfast

16.与by连用的交通工具名词前不用the

by bike

17.固定短语

在一些短语中，名词前有无定冠词the含义不同

At school，在上学

At the school，在学校里

In class，在上课

In the class，在班级里

Next year，明年

The next year，第二年

In hospital，因病住院

In the hospital，在医院里不一定是生病

In front of，在外部的前面

In the front of，在内部的前面

At table，在桌边吃饭

At the table，在桌子旁，不一定在吃饭

初中英语语法题

提示：

初中英语语法题

other后接单复数均可，other one或other two students.

others只能作代词，意思是“其它的人（物或事等）”，常用来泛指。

the other也是既能作形容词，又能作代词。但它一般用来表示总数为二时的“另外一个”，经常与one搭配。 other也能既作形容词又可作代词，意思是“别的，另外的”。

the others也只能作代词，意思与others相近，但常用来特指。

any other 后接复数名词，表示“一些其他……”；any other后接单数名词时，表示“其他任何一个……”。

another作形容词时，是指在原有的基础上再加一（些），表示“再一（些）”或“另外一个（些）”的意思，在心理上至少有三个。 another还可作代词，意思与作形容词时一样。它前面不能加任何冠词，后面也不能加s

相关词组：

one… the other 只有两个
some… the others 有三个以上
some… others，others…
others = other people/things
the others = the rest 剩余的全部

1) 泛指另一个用another。
2) 一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other。
3) 一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one (another)，第三个可用the other，a third。
4) 一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。
5) 泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。

初中英语语法梳理和提高17动词的语态讲解 试题

提示：

初中英语语法梳理和提高17动词的语态讲解 试题

动词的语态

　　知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！

　　英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态（The Passive Voice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，例如：

　　Many people speak English . (主动语态)

　　English is spoken by many people. (被动语态)

　　1、被动语态的构成

　　被动语态由"助动词be +及物动词的过去分词"构成。助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下：

　　肯 定 句： 主语+ be+ 过去分词 +（by…） eg. He is often asked to do this work (by his boss).

　　否 定 句：主语+ be not +过去分词 +（by…） eg. I am not invited to the party (by him).

　　一般疑问句：Be + 主语+过去分词+ （by…）？ eg. Are your clothes washed by yourself?

　　特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be+主语 +过去分词+ （by…）？ eg. What is this sweater made of?

　　现以动词give为例，其被动语态的各种时态如下：

式

时


一 般


进 行


完 成

现在
Am / is /are + given
Am/is/are +being + given
Have / has +been +given

过去
Was / were + given
Was / were + being + given
Had +been + given

将来
Shall/ will + given
Shall / will +be + given
Should /would + be + given

含情态词的
Can / may /must +be +given



　　3、被动语态的用法：

　　 1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 例如：

　　 This jacket is made of cotton.

　　 English is spoken in many countries in the world.

　　2） 强调动作的承受者时。如：The boy was saved at last.这个男孩最后得救了。

　　3） 主动语态变被动语态的步骤:

　　主动句: The boy broke the window yesterday.

　　

　　被动句: The window was broken by the boy yesterday.

　　步骤一：原句中的宾语the window变成主语。

　　步骤二：谓语动词broke改为被动形式：was broken

　　步骤三：原句中的主语The boy放在介词by的后面。

　　步骤四：其他成分如：yesterday不变。

　　5) 有两个宾语的句子的被动语态：

　　A. 可有两种被动语态的常用动词有：buy，give，leave，lend，offer，pay，teach，tell，show，等。

　　1. He gave me the book just now.

　　 The book was given to me( by him) just now. = I was given the book (by him) just now.

　　2. They show the guard their passports at the entrance to the building.

　　 The passports were shown to the guard by them at the entrance to the building.

　　= The guard was shown the passports by them at the entrance to the building.

　　B. 通常用直接宾语作被动语态主语的一些动词有: bring，do，make，pass，sell，send，sing，write，等。

　　1. He wrote her a letter.

　　 A letter was written to her.

　　My mother made me a skirt.

　　A skirt was made (for me) by my mother.

　　练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！

　　一、选择填空

　　1.The question ______by us soon.

　　 A.is going to discuss B.will discuss

　　C.is going to be discussed D.has been discussed

　　2.The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he______.

　　A.must look after B.must be taken care

　　C.must be looked after D.must take care of

　　3. All the new words ______up in the dictionary yet.

　　A.have looked B.haven't looked

　　C.have been looked D.haven't been looked

　　4.There was no room for you. All the seats ______.

　　A. are taken B.was taken C.had taken D.had been taken

　　5. A model ship ______his son by Mr More.

　　A.was made for B.was made to C.made for D.makes for

　　6.----Dad, please open the door, it ______.

　　----OK, dear. I am coming.

　　A.was locked B.locks C.is locked D.locked

　　7. This kind of sweater______very soft.

　　A.is felt B.feels C.feel D.is feeling

　　8.----Have all the students known that our class will visit the factory this afternoon?

　　----Yes. Every student______about it.

　　A.told B.has told C.was told D.tells

　　9.The cake ______delicious.

　　A.smell B.is smelled C.is smelling D.smells

　　10.My father has
given up smoking since he ______on.

　　A.will operate B.will be operated C.operated D.was operated

　　11.A new school ______ these days.

　　A. is building B. is built

　　C. well build D. is being built

　　12. The cake ______delicious.

　　 A. smell B. is smelled

　　 C. is smelling D. smells

　　13.I________there would be a football match on Channel 8 tomato

　　 A. will tell B. have told C. was told D. will be told

　　14.The librarian told me that the book______for two weeks.

　　 A. can be borrowed B. can be kept C. could be borrowed D. could be kept

　　15.When______this kind of computer _______?

　　is; used B. was; used C. did; use D. are; used

　　16.The new computers_______to the village school as present last month.

　　are given B. given C. were given D. gave

　　17.I really don't know_______about it.

　　A.what to do B.how to do C. to do what D. how can I do

　　18.Your shoes_______. You'd better come to get them in half an hour.

　　are mending B. have mended C. are being mended D. have been mended

　　19.Though he had often made his little sister______,today he was made____by her.

　　A.cry; to cry B.crying; crying C. cry; cry D.to cry; cry

　　20.When_____the accident________?

　　A.was; happened B.has; happened C.was happebeing D.did; happen

　　Key: 1----5 CCDDA 6----10 CBCDD 11-15 BDCDB 16-20 CACAD

　　二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。

　　Some ideas ______(give) to college students by him yesterday.

　　----Do you like the music "Moonlight"?

　　----Yes, it ______really beautiful!(sound)

　　He won't come to the party unless Sue ______.(invite)

　　The chair needs______.(repair)

　　"Quick" is another way of ______"fast".(say)

　　This kind of bike ______in that factory, but you can't buy it now.(make)

　　Cotton ______in the country.(plant)

　　Man-made satellites ______by Chinese people.(send)

　　This kinds of shoes ______out by now.(sell)

　　The room must ______ clean every day.(keep)

　　Key: 1.were given 2.sounds 3.is invited 4.repairing/ to be repaired 5.saying 6.is made 7.is planted 8.have been sent 9.have been sold

　　 10.be kept

中考英语语法:英语时态的用法之四

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中考英语语法:英语时态的用法之四

《英语时态的用法之四》由英语我整理,更多请访问:https://www.liuxue86.com/english/。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。
英语时态的用法之四

现在完成时的用法

（1）表示动作已经完成，但后果或影响仍在。常与already, just, yet等副词连用。

I have just read your letter.我刚刚读完你的信。

He has already come back.他已经回来了.

（2）表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。常与for或since引导的一段时间状语连用。

He has lived here for three years.他在此住了两年了。

I have been here since 1976.自从1976年我就一直在这里。

①．for后通常跟一个时间段，而since后只能跟一个具体的时间点。

如：for two weeks持续两周时间；since Monday自从周一

②．现在完成时的肯定句，其谓语动词如果是瞬间动词，如come, go, begin, join等，则不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。

如：他到此两周了：He has arrived here for two weeks.（×）

此时需转换表达方式：

①用ago代替for，并改为一般过去时

②用延续性动词代替瞬间动词

③用It is/It has been…since…句型，如：

He arrived here two weeks ago.

He has been here for two weeks.

It is/It has been two weeks since he arrived here.

当瞬间动词用于否定句时，则可以与时间段连用。

如：I haven’t gone there for six years.我六年没去那儿。

（3）表示过去发生过一次或多次的动作已成为某种经验。

I have been to Paris twice.我去过巴黎两次。

It’s one of the most interesting films I’ve ever seen.它是我看过的最有趣的电影之一。

比较have been to与have gone to

have been to表示“去过某地”，现在已回来了，可以与ever twice等词连用。如：

I have ever been to London.我曾去过伦敦。

have gone to表示“去某地了”现在尚未回来，不能与ever, twice等词连用。

He has gone to London.他去伦敦了。

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

二者都表示“动作已经发生”，区别在于：

（1）现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，即对现在产生的结果、影响等，而一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。

He has learned French for three years.他学法语已三年了。

He learned French for three years.他曾学过三年法语。

Who has taken my bag? I couldn't find it.谁拿走了我的包？我找不着了！

He cleaned the house yesterday.他昨天打扫过房间。

The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already.房间很干净，因为他已经打扫过了。

（2）现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间副词连用，而一般过去时则可以。

He has done some washing yesterday. （F）

He did some washing yesterday. （T）

他昨天洗衣服了。

过去完成时的用法

与现在完成的用法相同，只不过作为衡量基准点的时间点不同，现在完成时以现在作为衡量的基准点，而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻作为基准点。

（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，常by, before引导的时间状语连用。

如：By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.

到爱迪生10岁时，他已给自己建了一个实验室。

He had measured me before I could get in a word.我还没说话，他已把衣服量完了。

We had scarcely reached the

school before it began to rain.

我们刚到学校天就下雨了。

（2）表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for和since引导的时间状语相连用。

She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.她说她已在那所医院工作20年了。

He said he had taught in the university since 1957.他说自从1957年他就在这所大学任教。

（3）叙述过去发生的事情后，反过来又追叙或补述更早以前发生的动作时，常用过去完成时。

I knew nothing about this matter, for I had been away for six month.

对于此事我一无所知，因为我已离开6个月了。

Some people ran into the street. They had heard a loud noise.

有些人跑上了街，他们听到很响的嘈杂声。 《英语时态的用法之四》由英语我整理,更多请访问:https://www.liuxue86.com/english/